"and the World Will See a Flower Bloom from the Impossible Ground": Students' Learning in a Situation of Vulnerability

This text proposes a reflection on the impact of the pandemic triggered by the coronavirus in students' learning process, mainly in the public school system. The starting point is the analysis of data collected from the work carried out with students assisted by the Project called Believe, developed in a municipal school in Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, before 2020. With the suspension of classroom lessons, students were abruptly removed from schools and began to depend on the infrastructure available in their homes. It is a fact that, the poorer the family, the more precarious the student's participation in emergency remote education has been. Furthermore, many parents and/or guardians do not have enough formal schooling or preparation to help students carry out the activities sent teachers. Thus, we seek to analyze the impacts of the pandemic and consider alternatives that provide learning opportunities for students in a vulnerable situation.

BASIC EDUCATION IN THE PANDEMIC IN THE STATE OF PARANA: what do research reveal?

This article is a qualitative research that addresses the conjuncture of public education in Parana during the Pandemic of the New Coronavirus (COVID-19). It is justified the impacts of the exceptional phenomenon that was presented to school managers, educators and basic education students in the period from 2020 to 2021 in Parana. As a methodology. it uses bibliographic research and aims to discuss about the challenges and dilemmas in the pedagogical work of teachers. It is considered that it was not possible to avoid the negative impacts on the teaching and learning process, and that among the adversities that drove in pedagogical work are the economic factor and technological limitation of students and educators.

Predictors of mortality of covid-19 in chronic hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the care of patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). It has been reported that older adults and those with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease are prone to develop severe disease and poorer outcomes. By virtue of their average old age, multiple comorbidities, immunosuppression and frequent contact with other patients in dialysis facilities, chronic HD patients are at particular risk for severe COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to compare clinical presentation, laboratory and radiologic data and outcomes between HD and non-HD COVID-19 patients and find possible risk factors for mortality on HD patients. METHOD: A single center retrospective cohort study including patients on HD hospitalized with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection, from March 1st to December 31st of 2020 and matched them to non-dialysis patients (non-HD) (1:1). Data regarding patient baseline characteristics, symptoms, laboratory and radiologic results at presentation were collected, as well as their outcomes. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as means or medians for variables with skewed distributions. A paired Student's t-test was performed on parametric continuous values or Mann-Whitney for non-parametric continuous variables. Chi-squared test was performed for comparing categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for mortality on HD patients. A p-value of less than 0,05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients HD patients were included, 70,6% male, mean age of 76,5 years, median time of dialysis of 3,0 years. Among them 85,3% were hypertensive, 47,1% diabetic, 47,1% had cardiovascular disease, 30,6% pulmonary chronic disease and 23,5% cancer. The most frequent symptoms were fever (67,6%), shortness of breath (61,8%) and cough (52,9%). At admission, 55,9% of patients needed oxygen supply, one required mechanic ventilation and was admitted to intensive care unit. Regarding laboratory data, the most common features were lymphopenia in 58,9% (median-795/uL), elevated LDH in 64,7% (median-255 U/L), raised C-reactive protein in 97,1% (median-6,3 mg/dlL, raised D-dimer in 95,8% (median 1,7 ng/mL), and all patients presented high ferritin (median 1658 ng/mL) and elevated Troponin T (median 130ng/mL). The majority presented with radiologic changes, particularly bilateral infiltrates in 29,4%. Concerning clinical outcomes, the median hospitalization time was 11 days and 13 patients (38,2%) developed bacterial superinfection. Mortality rate was 32,4%. When matched to 34 non-HD patients there was no statistical significant differences in sex, age and comorbidities. The HD group had a tendency to more ventilator support need (p=0,051), higher ferritin and troponin levels (p=<0,001 for both), whereas the non-HD group presented with greater levels of transaminases (p= 0,017). There was o significant difference in hospitalization time (median of 11 vs 7 days, p=0,222) neither in mortality (median of 32,4 vs 35,3%, p=0,798). When the logistic regression was performed, only bacterial superinfection was a predictor for mortality on hemodialysis patients (p=0,004). CONCLUSION: Our study compared outcomes for COVID-19 patients on chronic HD to non-dialysis patients and showed no difference in hospitalization time nor in death rate. In spite of these results, the mortality in patients on chronic HD is still not negligible, with up to 32% of in-hospital mortality. Bacterial superinfection is a predictive risk factor for mortality. Hence the importance of interventions to mitigate the burden of COVID-19 in these patients, by preventing its spread, particularly in hemodialysis centers.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PROFESSORS' EXPERIENCE IN REMOTE TEACHING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19

This study seeks to understand the lessons learned from the experience of professors at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) in remote education during the Covid 19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with question script semi-structured, and the analysis was based on the coding cycles of Saldalia (2016). The results obtained identified learning related to the need to adapt to the new context;teaching strategies;the lessons derived specifically from the new experience;the importance of considering the situation experienced and the demands of new students;preparation of professors and knowledge of the functionalities of the technologies adopted. The relevance of the study is based on the systematization of the teachings of professors regarding remote education to subsidize university decision-making as well as guide and facilitate the preparation of teachers for other similar experiences.